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Platelet Disorders

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Platelet Disorders

Platelet disorders are conditions that affect the number or function of platelets, the blood cells responsible for clotting and preventing bleeding. These disorders can cause either low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia) leading to bleeding, or high platelet counts (thrombocytosis) increasing the risk of clotting.

Symptoms may include:

  • Easy or excessive bruising
  • Prolonged bleeding from cuts
  • Frequent nosebleeds or gum bleeding
  • Blood in urine or stool
  • Unexplained blood clots or strokes

Causes may include:

  • Bone marrow disorders affecting platelet production
  • Autoimmune diseases destroying platelets
  • Certain medications or chemotherapy
  • Genetic conditions affecting platelet function
  • Infections or chronic illnesses

Treatments

Treatment depends on whether platelet levels are too low or too high, and may include:

  • Medications to boost platelet count or suppress immunity
  • Platelet transfusions in severe bleeding cases
  • Blood-thinning medicines for high platelet counts
  • Treating underlying causes such as infections or marrow disorders
  • Bone marrow transplant for severe inherited platelet disorders

Prevention

While not all platelet disorders can be prevented, some measures may help reduce risks:

  • Regular health check-ups and blood tests
  • Avoiding unnecessary medications that affect platelets
  • Protecting against infections and managing chronic diseases
  • Genetic counseling for inherited platelet disorders
  • Maintaining a healthy lifestyle to support bone marrow health