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Lymphomas

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Lymphomas

Lymphomas are cancers of the lymphatic system, which is an important part of the body’s immune defense. They occur when lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) grow uncontrollably and form tumors in lymph nodes or other organs. The two main types are Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), each with different subtypes and treatment approaches.

Symptoms may include:

  • Swollen lymph nodes (neck, armpits, or groin)
  • Unexplained fever and night sweats
  • Persistent fatigue and weakness
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Loss of appetite or itching

Causes may include:

  • Genetic mutations in lymphocytes
  • Weakened immune system (HIV, immunosuppressive therapy)
  • Infections like Epstein-Barr virus or H. pylori
  • Exposure to radiation or harmful chemicals
  • Family history of lymphoma

Treatments

Treatment for lymphoma depends on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient. Options may include:

  • Chemotherapy to destroy cancerous cells
  • Radiation therapy for localized lymphomas
  • Targeted therapy and immunotherapy to boost immune response
  • Stem cell or bone marrow transplant in advanced cases
  • Regular monitoring for indolent (slow-growing) lymphomas

Prevention

Lymphomas cannot always be prevented, but risk can be reduced by:

  • Maintaining a strong immune system with a healthy lifestyle
  • Avoiding unnecessary exposure to harmful chemicals or radiation
  • Timely treatment of chronic infections
  • Regular health check-ups for early detection
  • Seeking medical advice if persistent lymph node swelling occurs