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Blood Cancers

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Blood Cancers

Blood cancers are a group of cancers that affect the production and function of blood cells, bone marrow, or lymphatic system. They interfere with the normal development of blood cells and can lead to life-threatening complications. The main types of blood cancers include Leukemia, Lymphoma, Myeloma, and Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders.

Symptoms may include:

  • Unexplained fatigue and weakness
  • Frequent infections and fever
  • Unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite
  • Night sweats and persistent fever
  • Swollen lymph nodes or enlarged spleen

Causes may include:

  • Genetic mutations in blood-forming cells
  • Exposure to radiation or harmful chemicals
  • Weakened immune system
  • Family history of blood cancers
  • Certain viral infections (e.g., EBV, HTLV)

Treatments

Treatment depends on the type and stage of blood cancer and may include:

  • Chemotherapy to destroy cancer cells
  • Targeted therapy and immunotherapy for precision treatment
  • Radiation therapy in selected cases
  • Bone marrow or stem cell transplant
  • Supportive care including blood transfusions and infection control

Prevention

While many blood cancers cannot be fully prevented, risk can be minimized by:

  • Avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals and radiation
  • Maintaining a strong immune system through a healthy lifestyle
  • Regular medical check-ups for early detection
  • Genetic counseling for families with a history of blood cancers
  • Following medical advice during cancer treatments to manage risks