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Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)

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Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)

Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) is a group of disorders caused by abnormal development of blood cells in the bone marrow. In MDS, the bone marrow does not produce enough healthy blood cells, leading to low counts of red cells, white cells, and platelets. This condition may sometimes progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Symptoms may include:

  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Frequent infections
  • Easy bruising or bleeding
  • Shortness of breath
  • Pale skin or anemia-related symptoms

Causes may include:

  • Genetic mutations affecting bone marrow cells
  • Previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy
  • Exposure to toxic chemicals (benzene, pesticides)
  • Aging and acquired bone marrow damage
  • Family history of blood disorders (rare)

Treatments

Treatment for MDS depends on the severity of the disease and the patient’s overall health. Options include:

  • Supportive care with blood transfusions and medications
  • Growth factors to stimulate blood cell production
  • Chemotherapy for high-risk MDS
  • Bone marrow or stem cell transplant (potentially curative)
  • Antibiotics to manage recurrent infections

Prevention

MDS cannot always be prevented, but risk can be minimized by:

  • Avoiding unnecessary exposure to radiation or toxic chemicals
  • Regular health check-ups for people with prior chemotherapy or radiation
  • Early diagnosis and treatment of blood abnormalities
  • Maintaining a healthy lifestyle to support immunity