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Bone Marrow Transplant

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Bone Marrow Transplant

A bone marrow transplant (BMT) is a specialized procedure used to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells. It is often recommended for patients with severe blood disorders, cancers like leukemia or lymphoma, and certain inherited conditions. This treatment helps restore the body’s ability to produce healthy blood cells and boost immunity.

Symptoms and Conditions Treated:

  • Leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma
  • Aplastic anemia and bone marrow failure
  • Severe thalassemia or sickle cell disease
  • Genetic or inherited blood disorders
  • Certain immune deficiency conditions

Types of Bone Marrow Transplant:

  • Autologous Transplant – Uses the patient’s own stem cells.
  • Allogeneic Transplant – Uses stem cells from a donor (matched relative or unrelated donor).
  • Haploidentical or Cord Blood Transplant – Alternative donor sources for complex cases.

Treatments and Procedure

The transplant process usually includes:

  • Pre-transplant evaluation and conditioning (chemotherapy/radiation)
  • Infusion of healthy stem cells into the bloodstream
  • Supportive care including antibiotics, blood transfusions, and growth factors
  • Close monitoring for complications such as infections or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)

Prevention & Care

While bone marrow transplant is often unavoidable for serious diseases, patient outcomes can be improved with:

  • Early diagnosis and timely referral to a hematologist
  • Maintaining good nutrition and hygiene before and after transplant
  • Regular follow-ups for monitoring immunity and recovery
  • Genetic counseling for families with inherited blood disorders