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Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders (CMPDs)

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Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders (CMPDs)

Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders (CMPDs) are a group of rare blood cancers in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. These disorders develop slowly and may lead to complications such as blood clots, bleeding, or progression to acute leukemia if left untreated. Common CMPDs include Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocythemia, and Myelofibrosis.

Symptoms may include:

  • Headaches or dizziness
  • Excessive fatigue or weakness
  • Easy bruising or bleeding
  • Enlarged spleen causing abdominal discomfort
  • Night sweats and weight loss

Causes may include:

  • Genetic mutations such as JAK2, CALR, or MPL
  • Abnormal bone marrow function
  • Family history of hematological disorders
  • Advancing age (more common in older adults)
  • Exposure to certain chemicals or radiation (rarely)

Treatments

Treatment focuses on controlling symptoms, preventing complications, and slowing disease progression, and may include:

  • Medications such as hydroxyurea or interferon to reduce blood cell counts
  • Targeted therapies like JAK inhibitors (e.g., ruxolitinib) for myelofibrosis
  • Low-dose aspirin to reduce clotting risks
  • Regular phlebotomy (blood removal) in polycythemia vera
  • Bone marrow or stem cell transplant in advanced cases

Prevention

CMPDs cannot always be prevented as many are genetic, but complications can be reduced by:

  • Regular monitoring and medical follow-ups
  • Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with exercise and balanced diet
  • Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
  • Managing other risk factors like high blood pressure and diabetes
  • Early genetic counseling if family history exists