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Multiple Myeloma

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Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer that develops in plasma cells, a kind of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. These abnormal plasma cells multiply uncontrollably, crowding out healthy blood cells and producing harmful proteins that can damage organs such as the kidneys, bones, and immune system.

Symptoms may include:

  • Bone pain, especially in the spine or chest
  • Frequent infections due to weak immunity
  • Fatigue, weakness, and anemia
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Kidney problems and high calcium levels

Causes may include:

  • Genetic changes in plasma cells
  • Family history of blood cancers
  • Weak immune system or chronic infections
  • Older age (most common after 60 years)
  • Exposure to radiation or harmful chemicals

Treatments

Multiple myeloma treatment aims to control the disease, relieve symptoms, and improve quality of life. Options include:

  • Targeted therapy and immunotherapy drugs
  • Chemotherapy and corticosteroids
  • Stem cell (bone marrow) transplantation
  • Radiation therapy for bone pain
  • Supportive treatments for anemia, kidney care, and bone health

Prevention

Multiple myeloma cannot always be prevented, but the risk and complications may be reduced by:

  • Regular health check-ups for early detection
  • Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and balanced diet
  • Avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and harmful chemicals
  • Managing chronic conditions like infections or immune diseases
  • Seeking medical advice if persistent bone pain or unexplained fatigue occurs